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Foundations

A quick orientation to typical sound development and how to set up engaging practice at home.

Developmental Articulation Norms

Most kids acquire most consonants by the time they are 5. Typical developmental variations are expected. The chart below shows the average age children learn to pronounce English consonants correctly, based on 15 English speech acquisition studies compiled by McLeod and Crowe (2018).

To further explain how to read this chart:

  • 2 By the end of

    Age 2

    p b c m n h w

    90% of children can say the following sounds by the end of age 2

  • 3 By the end of

    Age 3

    t k g ng f y

    90% of children can say the following sounds by the end of age 3

  • 4 By the end of

    Age 4

    v s z sh ch j l

    90% of children can say the following sounds by the end of age 4

  • 5 By the end of

    Age 5

    th (voiced) zh r

    90% of children can say the following sounds by the end of age 5

  • 6 By the end of

    Age 6

    th (voiceless)

    90% of children can say the following sounds by the end of age 6

Specific Sound Support

Tools and videos for teaching how individual speech sounds are produced.

How to say the F sound by Peachie Speechie

Filter by sound

How to say the F sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the F sound by Peachie Speechie

How to Say and Teach the "F" Speech Sound: At Home Speech Therapy (With Hand Cues) the Speech Scoop

How to Say and Teach the "F" Speech Sound: At Home Speech Therapy (With Hand Cues) the Speech Scoop

How to say the K sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the K sound by Peachie Speechie

How to Say and Teach the “G” & "C" “K” Speech Sounds: At Home Speech Therapy // Devoicing & Fronting

How to Say and Teach the “G” & "C" “K” Speech Sounds: At Home Speech Therapy // Devoicing & Fronting

How to say the G sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the G sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the T sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the T sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the S sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the S sound by Peachie Speechie

How to Say the "R" Speech Sound: At Home Speech Therapy for "R" Sound - When R Sounds Like W!

How to Say the "R" Speech Sound: At Home Speech Therapy for "R" Sound - When R Sounds Like W!

How to Say the "S" Sound at Home: Speedy Speech Therapy Activities for Toddlers! (Stopping and Lisp)

How to Say the "S" Sound at Home: Speedy Speech Therapy Activities for Toddlers! (Stopping and Lisp)

How to Say "S" Sound at Home Speech Therapy Exercises: Speech Therapy for Toddler Lisp W/ Hand Cues

How to Say "S" Sound at Home Speech Therapy Exercises: Speech Therapy for Toddler Lisp W/ Hand Cues

How to say the Z sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the Z sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the R sound (retroflexed) by Peachie Speechie

How to say the R sound (retroflexed) by Peachie Speechie

How to Say the "R" Sound: At Home Speech Therapy Exercises for Teens & Adults; the Speech Scoop

How to Say the "R" Sound: At Home Speech Therapy Exercises for Teens & Adults; the Speech Scoop

How to Say the “ER” Sound: Vocalic R, Final R, or, Air, or, Ear, AR Sounds at Home: The Speech Scoop

How to Say the “ER” Sound: Vocalic R, Final R, or, Air, or, Ear, AR Sounds at Home: The Speech Scoop

How to say the R Sound - 11 Proven Techniques from Certified Speech Pathologists

How to say the R Sound - 11 Proven Techniques from Certified Speech Pathologists

How to say the TH sound (voiceless) by Peachie Speechie

How to say the TH sound (voiceless) by Peachie Speechie

How to Say the “Th” Sound Voiced & Voicess: At Home Speech Therapy Exercises Toddlers: Speech Scoop

How to Say the “Th” Sound Voiced & Voicess: At Home Speech Therapy Exercises Toddlers: Speech Scoop

How to say the SH sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the SH sound by Peachie Speechie

How to Say “Sh” & “Ch” Speech Sounds: At Home Speech Therapy Exercises & the Speech Scoop Hand Cues!

How to Say “Sh” & “Ch” Speech Sounds: At Home Speech Therapy Exercises & the Speech Scoop Hand Cues!

How to say the CH sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the CH sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say S Blends by Peachie Speechie

How to say S Blends by Peachie Speechie

How to say the M sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the M sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the B sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the B sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the M sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the M sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the L Sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the L Sound by Peachie Speechie

How to Teach the "L" Sound at Home: Speedy Speech Therapy - Speech Therapy Activities for Toddlers!

How to Teach the "L" Sound at Home: Speedy Speech Therapy - Speech Therapy Activities for Toddlers!

How to say the V sound by Peachie Speechie

How to say the V sound by Peachie Speechie

Practicing Tricky RL Words

Practicing Tricky RL Words

I Can Say Final Consonants by Peachie Speechie

I Can Say Final Consonants by Peachie Speechie

Play & Practice at Home

Free games and creative ways to weave articulation practice into everyday life.

Language Playroom image

Language Playroom

Free interactive articulation games organized by sound — pick a sound and play right in your browser.

Mommy Speech Therapy image

Mommy Speech Therapy

Printable activities and at-home exercises that turn practice into playful one-on-one time.

Home Speech Home image

Home Speech Home

A huge library of free word lists, games, and worksheets for every speech sound.

Targeted Sound Support

For targeted sound pages to support your child with their speech articulation, please connect with your student’s homeschool teacher. Heartland SLPs have created incredible, curated supports for speech sounds.

Read the Handouts

Friendly, plain-language guides adapted from Super Duper Publications — read right here on the site, no downloads or extra tabs.

Encourage Speech Sounds Through Reading

Use everyday read-aloud time to flood your child's ears with the early-developing sounds (p, b, t, d, k, g, m) they're learning to say.

Creative Articulation Practice at Home

Build a "mystery box" of household items to make daily articulation practice feel like a game — with target-word lists for S, SH, R, K, and L.

Fun Ways to Practice Articulation Skills in the Car

Five road-tested games that turn drive time into easy, no-prep articulation practice — perfect for carryover.

Do Missing Teeth Affect Speech?

What to expect when your child loses baby teeth — which sounds may be temporarily affected and when to talk to an SLP.